Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation

In selective breeding-genetic research of crops, the use of experimental haploidy methods is associated with the possibility of obtaining homozygous constant material in one generation, while in traditional breeding it is necessary to conduct several generations of inbreeding for 6-8 years. Stepwise processing of isolated buds with reduced (+4 ° C for 36 h) and elevated temperatures (+22 ° C for 21 days and +30 ° C for 10, 14, 21 days) was selected and applied, which allows to complete the differentiation process. It was shown that for the induction of embryogenic development, regardless of genotype, the optimal temperature was +30 ° C for the duration of cultivation for 21 days. The regenerative capacity of the obtained embryos was determined by the original genotype. Obtained rooted haploid plants-regenerants with normal geo- and phototropic reaction were transferred to the diploid level (2n = 38) using an aqueous solution of 0.1% colchicine on the root system at 4 hours of exposure. On the basis of in vitro pollen dihaploids obtained by us, we coauthored for the first time in Ukraine an early-ripening variety of winter rapeseed Antaria and a medium-ripening variety of spring rapeseed Aira

winter and spring rapeseed; haploids; callus; plant-regenerant