Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation
Formatting Guidelines
Journal Policy on Plagiarism
The journal "Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation" publishes only original materials that have not been previously published. To check for plagiarism, "iThenticate" software is used to monitor and detect text borrowing in submitted manuscripts. Plagiarism in scientific works is a serious violation of the ethical standards governing the interaction between authors, reviewers, editors, publishers, and readers, and it contradicts the principles of publication ethics.
The editorial board carefully examines all cases of plagiarism and reserves the right to exclude manuscripts from the review process if violations are detected. Each article is evaluated for originality. If the originality of the text exceeds 85%, the material may be accepted for consideration. If the originality is between 75% and 85%, the article is returned to the authors for revision, with a recommendation to review the citations and submit a corrected version. If the originality of the article is below 75%, the manuscript is not accepted.
The journal also does not allow the use of more than 3% of material from a single source without proper citation.
The percentage of plagiarism is calculated using special software that checks manuscripts both in the local database and on the internet. The resulting report is thoroughly analysed by the editorial board.
If plagiarism is detected after publication, the editorial team conducts a further investigation and contacts the author to inform them of the incident. If the ethical violation is confirmed, the article will be retracted.
Types of Articles
The editorial board of the journal accepts and publishes the following types of articles:
- empirical article – an article based on the IMRAD structure, which presents the results of research based on primary sources of information: experimental data, observation results, environmental monitoring, laboratory or field measurements. Articles of this type should contain an original interpretation of the obtained results and reveal patterns in the fields of biology, ecology, biotechnology, or agrobiological sciences;
- theoretical article – an article whose structure depends on its content and which, based on the analysis of scientific literature, develops or refines theoretical propositions that contribute to the advancement of biological, ecological, or biotechnological science. Such articles may include original theories, critique of existing concepts, comparisons of different approaches, or the development of new methodological foundations for the study of biological systems;
- review article – an article whose structure depends on its content and which analyses the history of research and the current state of scientific development of a particular biological, ecological, or biotechnological problem.