Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation

Resistance of Сalendula officinalis varieties to alternariosis

Y. Myronova, O. Bashta
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Abstract

The article describes the features of the manifestation and development of alternariosis on different varieties of medicinal marigold (Сalendula officinalis). Due to a number of pharmaceutical properties, marigolds are today one of the strategically important crops for medicinal plant cultivation. However, many factors affecting the yield and quality of raw materials during their cultivation lead to a low economic efficiency of their cultivation and, as a result, a decrease in cultivated areas.One of these factors is diseases of medicinal plants, because the issue of their control is studied fragmentarily, and the use of chemical fungicides on medicinal plants is prohibited. Alternaria leaf spotting is one of the most common and dangerous diseases of sedges, caused by the fungi Alternaria zinnia and Alternaria calendulae. Also, sometimes there is damage to medicinal plants by phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Alternaria porri. The harmfulness of the disease is manifested in the reduction of the yield due to the mold of the seeds, the reduction of the photosynthetic surface of the leaves and the contamination of the pharmacological raw materials with metabolites of the fungus, which can be phyto- or mycotoxins. The natural resistance of medicinal plants to damage or damage by harmful organisms makes it possible to obtain high yields of raw materials without additional costs for protection against diseases. The creation and introduction into production of highly productive resistant varieties of medicinal plants is the key to a stable harvest of raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, one of the ways to control the spread and development of diseases is the cultivation of resistant varieties, but this issue is also not sufficiently studied. To solve this issue, in the period of 2020-2022, the resistance to Alternaria of 30 varieties of medicinal plants was evaluated: Apricot, Apricot Jam, Gitana, Deja Vu, Jiga Jiga, Indian Prince, Kabluna Gold, California Terry, Candyman, Cremebrule, Monarch, Pink Surprise, Orange Heart, Green Heart, Golden Orbs, Monarch, Orange King, Princess, Radio, Red Doctor, Touch of Red, Fiesta, Citron, Citron Gelb, Magic Sari, Red Heart, Sherbet.The purpose of the article is to evaluate the resistance to аlternaria of the main varieties of medicinal plants, which will allow to increase the efficiency of their cultivation in the future. During the study of the resistance of different varieties of medicinal herbs to diseases, a difference in the prevalence and development of alternariosis was established in different varieties.It was established that the most resistant to the causative agent of Alternaria were such varieties as: Magic Sari, Gitana, Deja Vu, Touch of Red, Orange King, Golden Balls and Fiesta.High resistance to the causative agent of Alternaria was observed in the varieties Kabluna Gold, Monarch, Orange Balls, Red, Red Buff, Green Heart, Tangerine Twist, Cremebrule, Citrongelb, Silk Kiss and Indian Prince. Varieties Apricot Jam, Apricot, Geisha, Red Doctor, Pink Surprise, Sherbet, Jiga Jiga, California Terry, Indian Prince, Orange Heart, Candyman, Radio, Citron, Princess, and Red Heart had a weak susceptibility to the causative agent of Alternaria. When growing varieties susceptible to Alternaria, it is recommended to carry out preventive treatments with biological fungicides to prevent the spread and development of the disease

Keywords

Calendula officinalis; medicinal marigolds; alternaria; Alternaria zinnia; Alternaria calendulae; diseases of medicinal plants

Suggested citation
Myronova, Y., & Bashta, O. (2023). Resistance of Сalendula officinalis varieties to alternariosis. Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation, 14(2), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.31548/biologiya14(3-4).2023.011
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